6.1. Views¶
6.1.1. Function View¶
from django.http import HttpResponse
import datetime
def current_datetime(request):
now = datetime.datetime.now()
html = "<html><body>It is now %s.</body></html>" % now
return HttpResponse(html)
from django.http import HttpResponse, HttpResponseNotFound
def my_view(request):
# ...
if foo:
return HttpResponseNotFound('<h1>Page not found</h1>')
else:
return HttpResponse('<h1>Page was found</h1>')
from django.http import HttpResponse
def my_view(request):
# ...
# Return a "created" (201) response code.
return HttpResponse(status=201)
from django.http import Http404
from django.shortcuts import render
from polls.models import Poll
def detail(request, poll_id):
try:
p = Poll.objects.get(pk=poll_id)
except Poll.DoesNotExist:
raise Http404("Poll does not exist")
return render(request, 'polls/detail.html', {'poll': p})
6.1.2. Async Views¶
Since Django 3.1
import datetime
from django.http import HttpResponse
async def current_datetime(request):
now = datetime.datetime.now()
html = '<html><body>It is now %s.</body></html>' % now
return HttpResponse(html)
6.1.3. Class Based Views¶
6.1.4. Generic Views¶
DetailViewEditViewListView
6.1.5. TemplateView¶
import datetime
from django.views.generic import TemplateView
class TodayView(TemplateView):
template_name = 'templates/index.html'
def get_context_data(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
return {
'today': datetime.date.today(),
'now': datetime.datetime.now(),
}
6.1.6. RedirectView¶
from django.views.generic import RedirectView
from django.urls import path
urlpatterns = [
path('/index.html', RedirectView.as_view(permanent=False, url='/main')),
]
6.1.7. View¶
import datetime
from django.http import JsonResponse
from django.views.generic import View
class TodayView(View):
http_method_names = ['get']
def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
data = {
'today': datetime.date.today(),
'now': datetime.datetime.now(),
}
return JsonResponse(status=200, data=data, safe=False)
6.1.8. Responses¶
HttpResponseJsonResponse
6.1.9. Permissions in Views¶
6.1.10. Class Based Views¶
from django.contrib.auth.mixins import PermissionRequiredMixin
class MyView(PermissionRequiredMixin, View):
permission_required = 'polls.can_vote'
# Or multiple of permissions:
permission_required = ('polls.can_open', 'polls.can_edit')
6.1.11. Decorators¶
@login_required
6.1.12. Use Case - 0x01¶
import json
from http import HTTPStatus
from django.contrib.auth.mixins import PermissionRequiredMixin
from django.http import JsonResponse
from django.utils.decorators import method_decorator
from django.views import View
from django.views.decorators.csrf import csrf_exempt
from contact.models import Person
@method_decorator(csrf_exempt, name='dispatch')
class ContactAPI(PermissionRequiredMixin, View):
permission_required = ['contact.view_person']
raise_exception = True
http_method_names = ['get', 'post', 'put', 'patch', 'delete', 'head', 'options']
def head(self, request):
return JsonResponse(status=HTTPStatus.OK, data={})
def options(self, request):
return JsonResponse(status=HTTPStatus.OK, data=self.http_method_names, safe=False)
def get(self, request, pk=None):
data = Person.objects.all().values()
if pk is not None:
data = data.filter(pk=pk)
if data.exists():
return JsonResponse(
status=HTTPStatus.OK,
data=list(data),
safe=False)
else:
return JsonResponse(
status=HTTPStatus.NOT_FOUND,
data={'details': 'User with this ID does not exist'})
def post(self, request):
try:
data = json.loads(request.body.decode('utf-8'))
firstname = data['firstname']
lastname = data['lastname']
except json.JSONDecodeError as err:
return JsonResponse(
status=HTTPStatus.BAD_REQUEST,
data={'details': f'JSON Decode Error: {err}'})
except KeyError as err:
return JsonResponse(
status=HTTPStatus.NOT_ACCEPTABLE,
data={'details': f'Missing field: {err}'})
except Exception as err:
return JsonResponse(
status=HTTPStatus.INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR,
data={'details': f'Some other error: {err}'})
else:
Person.objects.create(
firstname=firstname,
lastname=lastname)
return JsonResponse(
status=HTTPStatus.CREATED,
data={'details': 'created'})
def delete(self, request, pk):
Person.objects.get(pk=pk).delete()
return JsonResponse(
status=HTTPStatus.ACCEPTED,
data={'details': 'deleted'})
def put(self, request, pk):
try:
data = json.loads(request.body.decode('utf-8'))
firstname = data['firstname']
lastname = data['lastname']
except json.JSONDecodeError as err:
return JsonResponse(
status=HTTPStatus.BAD_REQUEST,
data={'details': f'JSON Decode Error: {err}'})
except KeyError as err:
return JsonResponse(
status=HTTPStatus.NOT_ACCEPTABLE,
data={'details': f'Missing field: {err}'})
except Exception as err:
return JsonResponse(
status=HTTPStatus.INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR,
data={'details': f'Some other error: {err}'})
else:
Person.objects.filter(pk=pk).update(
firstname=firstname,
lastname=lastname)
return JsonResponse(
status=HTTPStatus.ACCEPTED,
data={'details': 'updated'})
def patch(self, request, pk):
try:
data = json.loads(request.body.decode('utf-8'))
except json.JSONDecodeError as err:
return JsonResponse(
status=HTTPStatus.BAD_REQUEST,
data={'details': f'JSON Decode Error: {err}'})
except Exception as err:
return JsonResponse(
status=HTTPStatus.INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR,
data={'details': f'Some other error: {err}'})
else:
person = Person.objects.get(pk=pk)
if firstname := data.get('firstname'):
person.firstname = firstname
if lastname := data.get('lastname'):
person.lastname = lastname
person.save()
return JsonResponse(
status=HTTPStatus.ACCEPTED,
data={'details': 'updated'})